Juniper Publishers Annals of Reviews and Research

  Juniper Publishers- Open Access Journal of Annals of Reviews & Research Host selection and Change of Skin Surface for Spawning Adaptation of Two Sympatric Bitterling Species- Juniper Publishers Authored by Su Hwan Kim   Abstract Bitterlings (subfamily Acheilognathinae) are small cyprinid fishes with specialized spawning habits; they deposit their eggs on the gills of freshwater mussels using their ovipositors. This study on spawning host-selection in two sympatric bitterling species, Acheilognathus macropterus and Rhodeus ocellatus, was conducted in the Bulgapcheon Stream, Korea, where four mussel species coexisted. After analyzing the four mussel species immediately after spawning, we discovered that the two bitterlings used only two mussel species as their spawning hosts, Anodonta arcaeformis and A. woodiana. Embryos of A. macropterus were predominantly found in the suprabranchial chambers of the two mussel species, and the larvae were even seen in their g...

Juniper Publishers-Open Access Journal of Reviews & Research Opinion Spain is one of the countries that ages at a faster rate. This phenomenon is due to three trends: a) Fall in fertility b) High life expectancy c) High immigration [ 1 ]. The three factors have created a demographic framework that affects the composition and formation of families, the educational system, the housing market and the health needs of the population, not only in their quantity, but also in the type of pathologies to be considered [ 2 ]. As the population ages, the importance of the behaviors and repercussions associated with older age groups increases, such as the situation of pensions, taxes and financing of the Social Security, ultimately the entire Welfare State [ 3 ] .With regard to the health and care needs of the elderly, there are two types of care, family and formal. The field of nursing specialized in the care of the elderly is Geriatrics [ 4 ]. Its purpose...