Juniper Publishers Annals of Reviews and Research

  Juniper Publishers- Open Access Journal of Annals of Reviews & Research Importance of Development Initiative Ownership by the Benefiting Community: The case of Community-Based Production and Marketing Systems- Juniper Publishers Authored by Kavoi J Abstract This case study used a Private Public Partnership on a Gadam sorghum development initiative with a view to understanding the conceptualization, implementation, outputs, outcomes and lessons for policy, practice and research. The development initiative involved several stakeholders, namely, East African Breweries, Researchers, Ministry of Agriculture, Equity bank, Smart Logistics and Provincial administration, Ministry of culture and Social Services, and farmer producer groups. Research and development agencies introduced several organizational and technical innovations including production clusters, improved sorghum, payment using warehouse receipts and others. The farmers brought in various technical innovat...

  Juniper Publishers- Open Access Journal of Annals of Reviews & Research Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Cream & Gel Formulations Containing Lidocaine and Tetracaine- Juniper Publishers  Authored by Tansel Comoglu Abstract There are multiple different topical anesthetic options available to minimize the pain associated with cosmetic dermatologic procedures. These options are used either alone or in combination and the most used dermal analgesics are lidocaine, tetracaine, prilocaine, or their combinations. EMLA® cream is a local anesthetic that contains lidocaine and prilocaine combination and can be applied to the skin to help suppressing the pain of needle procedures, but it requires occlusion and the length of time for the medication to stay on the skin depends on the type of procedure. It is usually applied at least 1-2 hours before minor skin procedures. The object of this study was to develop topical cream and gel formulat...

  Juniper Publishers- Open Access Journal of Annals of Reviews & Research     Equine theileriosis: Review- Juniper Publishers Authored by Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite Abstract Equine theileriosis , caused by the Apicomplexa protozoan Theileria equi , is an intra-erythrocytic parasite disease found in horses, and it is widely distributed throughout the world. Its prevalence and endemicity are linked to the presence of tick vectors and chronic equine carriers. Diagnosis of theileriosis is based on serological methods, including ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), IFAT (indirect fluorescent antibody), and molecular methods such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Theileria equi has merozoite surface proteins, equi merozoite antigens (EMA-1, EMA-2, EMA-3 and EMA-6). These antigens play an important role in pathogenesis and provide as host immune response targets against the parasite. EMA-1 and EMA-2 have been identified as immunodominant antigens and...